Article ID = 3
Article Title = Java (Security) For macOS / OS X / Mac OS X
Article Author(s) = Graham Needham (BH)
Article Created On = 30th March 2011
Article Last Updated = 8th July 2019
Article URL = https://www.macstrategy.com/article.php?3
Article Brief Description:
Java For macOS / OS X / Mac OS X information, download/update links and security settings with instructions for disabling Java (plug-ins).

Java for macOS / OS X / Mac OS X

In Mac OS X, where are installed extensions for Firefox located? If you’ve recently noticed that Java Apps/Applets are not working in Safari or Firefox on your Mac – here’s the fix. If you’re using OS X 10.6 or lower, Java will come included in OS X. If you’re having trouble, select the Apple Button from the Menu Bar and select Software Update. Install any updates that relate to Java.

Java is a programming language that allows application/software to run on different operating systems (e.g. macOS / OS X / Mac OS X, Windows, Linux, Solaris) as long as a Java Runtime Environment is installed on the target operating system. Java can also be found on web sites where 'applet' code downloaded from the web site server will run locally on your computer via a web browser plug-in. There are different installations of Java depending on your usage requirement e.g. general user, developer, etc. The most common installation is the Standard Edition (SE) which is for general users.
NOTE:

• Because Java runs applications in the OS and in web browsers it is a common attack vector for malware and viruses.
• Java should not be confused with JavaScript which is a completely separate/different scripting language used on web sites/the internet.
• Java is now owned and maintained by Oracle.
• As of the 4th March 2015 (Java 8 Update 40) Oracle is now bundling adware with their Java installer.
• Apple's Safari v12 and later (September 2018 - macOS 10.12 or later) no longer supports the legacy Java plug-in and nor do any other major browsers (Fireefox, Chrome, etc).

In the past (Java SE v6 and earlier) Apple used to get the Java code from Oracle and write a Java Runtime Environment (JRE) for Mac OS X themselves but as of 15th October 2013 this is no longer the case. Java on a Mac consists of two primary software components:

1. An internet plug-in used to run Java 'applets' via the internet in a web browser e.g. some banking web sites.
NOTE: As of September 2018 most major browsers no longer support browser plug-ins so even if you install Java you may not be able to use the plug-in component.
2. A 'Runtime Environment' (RE) that also allows you to run Java 'applications' directly within the operating system.

Java SE versions supported by macOS / OS X / Mac OS X

• macOS 10.15 + macOS 11 - Java SE v8 (but Java web browser plug-in not supported in Safari v12 or later)
• OS X 10.11 to macOS 10.14 - Java SE v8 (but Java web browser plug-in not supported in Safari v12 or later) and/or v6 only for compatibility with older applications
• OS X 10.8 + OS X 10.10 - Java SE v8 and/or v6 only for compatibility with older applications
• OS X 10.7 - Java SE v7 and/or v6 only for compatibility with older applications
• Mac OS X 10.6 - Java SE v6
• Mac OS X 10.5 or earlier - Java SE v5

• Java v12 is the latest Java version but is only available as a JDK developer edition
• Java v11 is currently supported but is only available as a JDK developer edition
• Java v10 has been replaced with Java v12
• Java v9 has been replaced with Java v12 (April 2018 saw the start of the new version numbering scheme - vX.x.x)
• Java v8 became end of life in January 2018 but is currently supported and updated with security updates until at least the end of December 2020
• Java v7 was end of life January 2015 and no more updates were issued as of April 2015
• Java v6 was end of life February 2013 and no more updates were issued as of 15th October 2013
• Java v5 is no longer updated

Q. Which version of Java do you recommend?

A. If you don't need Java don't install it. If Java is installed we now highly recommend installing Java SE v8 from Oracle as Apple phased out Java SE v6 support in October 2012 and Oracle phased out Java SE v7 support in January 2015. So if you are running:

• OS X 10.8 to macOS 11 = (if you require Java) install Java SE v8 from Oracle.
• OS X 10.7 or earlier = don't use Java and uninstall/disable it if it is installed.

Q. How can I tell which version of macOS / OS X / Mac OS X I am running?

A. Go to Apple menu (top left) > About This Mac > check the version reported for macOS / OS X / Mac OS X.

Q. How can I tell if a Java SE is installed on my Macintosh?

A. Follow these steps:

1. Go to Apple menu > System Preferences > Java (if a Java Preference pane exists you have Java SE v7 or later installed - you can get information on the version installed by going to the General tab and clicking 'About…')
2. If you do not have a Java Preference pane go to Macintosh HD > Applications > Utilities > Terminal
3. Enter the following commmand:
sudo /usr/libexec/java_home
4. Enter your computer's administrator password
NOTE: This Terminal command will report any versions of Java SE v6 or earlier that are installed on your computer. If none are listed you do not have Java installed.

Q. How do I keep Java SE v6 up to date on OS X / Mac OS X (if it is installed)?

A. The last update produced by Apple is Java SE v6 v1.6.0_65 back in 2013 so it is now very insecure - it is available for OS X 10.7 to macOS 10.13 only as a means of support for legacy applications like Adobe Creative Suite - you should only install Java for macOS 2017-001 if you specifically need it to run old applications that require it. If you need a secure version of Java and you have:

• OS X 10.8 to macOS 11 = install Java SE v8 from Oracle.
• OS X 10.7 or earlier = don't use Java and uninstall/disable it if it is installed.

Q. How do I keep Java SE v8 or later up to date on macOS / OS X (if it is installed)?

Q. I have Java SE v7. How do I update it to v8/v11?

A. Go to Apple menu > System Preferences > Java > Update tab and tick 'Check for Updates Automatically'.
See also this How do I update Java for my Mac? article from Oracle.
As of the 20th January 2015 Java auto-update will update Java SE v7 to v8.

Q. Now that Oracle have released Java SE v12 is v8 end of life/insecure?

Q. Which versions of Java are no longer supported/insecure?

A. Oracle provides a Java SE Support Roadmap. You can check the dates that Java SE versions become end of life/no longer supported/insecure but basically:

• Java v12 is the latest Java version but is only available as a JDK developer edition
• Java v11 is currently supported but is only available as a JDK developer edition
• Java v10 has been replaced with Java v12
• Java v9 has been replaced with Java v12 (April 2018 saw the start of the new version numbering scheme - vX.x.x)
• Java v8 became end of life in January 2018 but is currently supported and updated with security updates until at least the end of December 2020
• Java v7 was end of life January 2015 and no more updates were issued as of April 2015
• Java v6 was end of life February 2013 and no more updates were issued as of 15th October 2013
• Java v5 is no longer updated

Q. I need Java and I've installed Java SE v7/v8/v9/v10/v11/v12 but my Java software specifically needs SE v6. Is there anything I can do?

A. Yes, you can downgrade v7/v8/v9/v10/v11/v12 to v6 by following the instructions in this Apple support document to disable JavaSE v7 and re-enable Java SE v6 (but note that Java SE v6 is no longer supported for security updates so only do this if you absolutely must for Java compatibility). macOS10.15 or later do not support Java SE v6 at all.

Java Notes

• Java was included as standard with Mac OS X 10.6 or earlier - it cannot easily be removed but it can be disabled.
• A Java SE is not included as standard with OS X 10.7 or later but it may include a Java plug-in (so you are recommended to disable this plug-in if you don't use Java on the internet).
• macOS 10.15 or later do not support Java SE v6 at all.
• Java SE v6 is required for some old software applications such as Adobe Creative Suite.
• If you have OS X 10.7 to OS X 10.10 and you try to run an application that requires Java SE v6, OS X / macOS can automatically install Java for macOS 2017-001 - permission will be asked first and it is not a silent install.
• If you have OS X 10.11 to macOS 10.14 and you try to run an application that requires Java SE v6, OS X / macOS will not automatically install it for you - OS X / macOS will direct you to download and manually install Java for macOS 2017-001.
• If you have macOS 10.15 or later Java SE v6 is not supported and a later Java SE will need to be manually installed if you require it.
• If you upgrade the macOS / OS X / Mac OS X operating system Java SE v6 is removed and needs to be reinstalled.

Java Links

• OpenJDK (Open source version of Java RE)
• OpenJFX (Open source version of Java FX)

Java Security for Mac Users > How To Disable/Secure Java

Java SE v6 and earlier are end of life and are no longer supported/updated. If you are running Mac OS X 10.6 or earlier you are recommended to disable Java and read up on securing older operating systems.

Q. How can I tell which version of macOS / OS X / Mac OS X I am running?

A. Go to Apple menu (top left) > About This Mac > check the version reported for macOS / OS X / Mac OS X.

Securing/Disabling Java SE in OS X 10.7 or later

1. Go to Apple menu > System Preferences > Java > (the Java Control Panel will open separately) > Security tab
• If the Java preference pane does not exist you do not have Java SE v7 or later installed. Go to the disabling Java SE v6 instructions below.
• If you have a Java preference pane and the Java Control Panel opens separately go to the 'Security' tab in the control panel. If there is no Security tab you have an old version of Java SE v7 installed - update Java SE v7 first, then come back to these instructions.
2. Set the 'Security Level' slider to 'Very High'.
3. If you don't use Java untick 'Enable Java content in the Browser'.
4. If you do use Java click 'Advanced Security Settings' and configure as required for your Java usage.
5. Now go to the 'Update' tab and tick 'Check for Updates Automatically'.
6. Now go to the 'General' tab, click 'Settings…' under 'Temporary Internet Files' and untick 'Keep temporary files on my computer' and click 'Delete Files…'. Click 'OK'.
7. You are now also recommended to switch off Java in your web browsers.

Disabling Java SE v6 in OS X 10.7 or later

1. Go to Macintosh HD > Applications > Utilities > Java Preferences > General tab.
NOTE: If you get a message stating 'To open 'Java Preferences,' you need a Java SE 6 runtime. Would you like to install one now?' click 'Not Now' (you do not have Java SE v6 installed - go to disabling the Java plug-in in your web browsers).
2. Make sure no Java versions are ticked under 'On'.
3. Then go to the 'Network' tab and untick 'Keep temporary files for fast access' and click 'Delete Files…'. Click 'OK'.
4. You are now also recommended to switch off Java in your web browsers.

NOTE: If you need Java and have installed Java Update 2012-006 or later from Apple you will have no Java Preferences in Applications > Utilities or a Java plug-in so you are recommended to install Java SE v7 to give you the most up to date Java RE, a Java plug-in and a Java Preferences pane in System Preferences.

Disabling Java SE v5/v6 in Mac OS X 10.5 or 10.6

NOTE: Java will not work at all including locally installed applications that may require it.

1. Go to Macintosh HD > Applications > Utilities > Java Preferences > General tab.
2. Make sure no Java versions are ticked under 'On'.
3. Then go to the 'Network' tab and untick 'Keep temporary files for fast access' and click 'Delete Files…'. Click 'OK'.
4. You are now also recommended to switch off Java in your web browsers.

Disabling Java SE in Mac OS X 10.4 or earlier

You cannot switch off Java in Mac OS X 10.4 or earlier and there is no Java Preferences so make sure you delete any (Java plug-ins and also switch off Java in your web browsers.

Disabling the Java plug-in In Your Web Browsers

NOTE: Java applets will not work in your web browser but locally installed Java applications may still work (see disabling the Java Runtime Environment for your OS).
NOTE: You need to disable the Java plug-in for each and every web browser that you use/have installed.

• Apple Safari 12 or later (for macOS 10.12 or later) - Java is not supported (because NPAPI plug-ins are not supported)
• Apple Safari up to version 11 - open Safari > go to Safari menu > Preferences… > Security tab > click 'Plug-in Settings…' > untick 'Java' in the list on the left
• Apple Safari 5.1.9 (for Mac OS X 10.6) / 6.0.4 (for OS X 10.7/10.8) or later - open Safari > go to Safari menu > Preferences… > Security tab > untick 'Allow Java' or you can tick it to enable it and you now have control of the Java plug-in for individual websites by clicking the 'Manage Website Settings…' button
• Google Chrome - Java is not supported (because NPAPI plug-ins are not supported)
• Chromium - Java is not supported (because NPAPI plug-ins are not supported)
• Mozilla Firefox - Java is not supported (because NPAPI plug-ins are not supported)
• iCab - open iCab > go to iCab menu > Preferences… > Java icon > untick 'Execute Java applets'
• Omniweb - open Omniweb > go to Omniweb menu > Preferences… > Security icon > untick 'Enable Java'
• Opera - Java 7 or later is not supported - plug-ins cannot be disabled
• Seamonkey - open Seamonkey > go to Seamonkey menu > Preferences… > select 'Scripts & Plugins' on the left under the 'Advanced' heading > untick 'Enable Plugins for Suite'
• Maxthon - TO BE CONFIRMED
• Yandex - Java is not supported (because NPAPI plug-ins are not supported)
• Brave - Java is not supported (because NPAPI plug-ins are not supported)
• Vivaldi - Java is not supported (because NPAPI plug-ins are not supported)
• tenFOUR Fox - Java is not supported (because plug-ins are not supported)

REMOVING THE JAVA PLUG-IN FROM YOUR OS

NOTE: Java applets will not work in your web browser and they never will until you reinstall Java. Only follow these instructions if you will never use Java on the internet. If you are unsure simply switch off Java in all your web browsers.

1. Go to Macintosh HD > Library > Internet Plug-Ins folder and remove/delete any of following items if they are present:
• JavaAppletPlugin.plugin (alias/shortcut)
• JavaAppletPlugin.plugin
• JavaPluginCocoa.bundle
2. Go to Macintosh HD > Users >your home directory > Library > Internet Plug-Ins folder too and remove/delete any of the above items if they are present.

NOTE: If there are multiple users on your computer you should remove the plug-in from each user account's Library.
NOTE: If you have OS X 10.7 or later your user Library folder is hidden. It can be accessed by going to the Go menu > Library while holding down the alt (option) key.

macOS / OS X / Mac OS X Applications that (may) require a Java Runtime Environment

• Components of Adobe Creative Suite and individual applications e.g. Adobe Flash
• Components of OpenOffice i.e. the Base application and the suite's wizards, accessibility and assistive technologies - see Open Office and Java
• Angry IP Scanner
• Brother printer administration software 'BRAdmin Light.jar'
• ClickRepair
• CrashPlan app versions 3.6.2 and earlier (3.6.3 or later includes Java within the application)
• Cyberduck
• DbVisualizer
• Emailchemy (for Mac OS X 10.6 and earlier)
• Eudora OSE
• FileMaker Pro Server (not the client version) - Server Administration Console, Admin Server and Web Publishing Engine components only - details here
• Graphic Converter 9 (optional Java library requirement only for importing certain specific medical format images)
• Greenfoot
• Jim
• Moneydance
• myPhoneDesktop
• NetBeans
• Symantec Norton Antivirus 11 - requires Java for LiveUpdate to work
• Symantec Endpoint Protection 12
• PDF OCR X 1.x (2.x or later includes Java within the application)
• PDFKey Pro
• RazorSQL
• SQLEditor
• TiVo Transfer
• ViewONE Standard / Pro
• Vuze aka Azereus
• Zumocast

Java Bundled Adware

As of the 4th March 2015 (Java 8 Update 40) Oracle is now bundling adware with their Java installer! Initially it was ask.com but currently it is Yahoo.

• Adware is a search App/toolbar (browser extension) that gets added to your web browser by installing Java.
• It is an optional installation but it is opt-out i.e. by default it will be installed - you have to explicitly tell the installer not to install it (see picture below).
• Only new/clean installations of Java will give the option - however, full macOS / OS X / Mac OS X system upgrades/clean installs may require Java to be reinstalled so this is a problem to also look out for when migrating computers or reinstalling/upgrading your OS.
• If you already have a version of Java 8 earlier than Update 40 installed, the adware is not installed and the option to install it does not appear.

If you are installing Java 8 new/cleanly then you will get the below option screen during the installation process - to not install the Yahoo adware UNTICK 'Set Yahoo as your homepage and new tab page on all browsers, plus get Yahoo as your default search engine on Firefox.':The older Ask.com adware screen looked like this - to not install the Ask.com adware UNTICK 'Set Ask.com as my browser homepage':

Install Java Plugin Firefox Mac Os X Sierra

How To Disable/Remove The Adware Installation Option

Once Java is installed, you can turn off the option appearing in future installations/updates by going to Apple menu > System Preferences > Java (this will open the Java Control Panel separately) > Advanced tab > scroll to the bottom and TICK 'Suppress sponsor offers when installing or updating Java' > click 'Apply' (see the picture below).

How To Disable/Remove The Ask.com Adware On A Mac

Apple Safari Browser

1. Quit all running applications except Safari.
2. In Safari go to the Safari menu > Preferences > Extensions and turn the Ask extension off.

Mozilla Firefox Browser

1. Quit all running applications except Firefox.
2. In Firefox go to the Tools menu > Add-ons > click Extensions on the left > locate the Ask extension on the right and click the 'Disable' or 'Remove' button next to it.

Google Chrome Browser

1. Quit all running applications except Chrome.
2. In Chrome go to the Chrome menu > Preferences > Settings > Manage Search Engines and remove Ask.
3. Go to the Preferences > Extensions tab and remove the Ask extension (click the Trash icon next to Ask).

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